Some of these are used to process rare earth elements used in electronics and batteries monazite is the primary ore for thorium, a nuclear fuel.

Beach sand is mined for minerals such as ilmenite, rutile, leucoxene, garnet, monazite, zircon and sillimanite.The government is likely to set up a high-powered panel to explore the issue. The union government plans to allow private companies to mine offshore and beach sand for minerals, the TOI reports, over two years after it effectively barred such actions.Centre plans to allow private firms to mine beach sand Twitter had transferred Maheshwari to a new San Francisco-based role weeks after the High Court order.ДЈ. 'In order to trace even one message, services would have to trace every message,' it says in a blogpost.ДЄlso: Twitter IndiaвЂ™s former head Manish Maheshwari was issued a notice by the Supreme Court after Uttar Pradesh appealed against a Karnataka High Court order that quashed a summons notice to him in a case over a video of a man alleging he is a victim of hate crime.

вЂњtraceabilityвЂќ would require it to store information that can be used to ascertain the content of peopleвЂ™s messages, thereby breaking the very guarantees that end-to-end encryption provides. It also contended that the traceability requirement does not need to break end-to-end encryption and is the least intrusive way of identifying the originator of the information.

The government, in an affidavit submitted before the Delhi High Court, said вЂњthe constitutionality of a provision of law cannot be challenged by a foreign commercial entity on the ground of it being violative of Article 19 rightsвЂќ.

WhatsApp, which is end-to-end encrypted - the messages can be read only by the sender and recipient, and not by the company - has challenged this traceability clause, saying it is violative of the right to privacy and Article 19.

The centre early this year enforced the new IT Rules (intermediary guidelines) thatmandated social media firms to identify the вЂњfirst originatorвЂќ of вЂњunlawfulвЂќ content when asked, among other things.

The union government has opposed WhatsApp's challenge to its IT Rules by arguing the internet firm is a foreign entity and thus cannot invoke the fundamental rights under Article 19 and 21 of the Constitution, the Business Standard reports. When a general consent is withdrawn, the CBI needs case-specific consent to enter the state to carry out a probe.

WB isnвЂ™t the only state to have withdrawn general consent to the CBI - last year, Jharkhand joined it and others like Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Kerala to withdraw consent.

The DSPE Act in fact also restricts CBIвЂ™s jurisdiction to Delhi as the Act makes the investigating agency an extension of the Delhi Police - which is also why it needs statesвЂ™ consent to probe crimes there.

The DSPE Act states that the CBI canвЂ™t вЂњexercise powers and jurisdiction in any area in a State, not being a Union territory or railway area, without the consent of the Government of that State.вЂќ However, the Supreme Court and the high courts can direct the CBI to investigate a case anywhere in the country without the state governmentвЂ™s consent.

The Centre argued that the CBI is an autonomous body with the Central Vigilance Commission exercising вЂњsuperintendence over the functioning over the Delhi Special Police Establishment (DSPE)вЂќ under which the CBI comes.

Stating in its affidavit вЂњthat the CBI is entitled to investigate all offences relatable to the entries in List 1вЂќ - which is the Union list - the Centre said вЂњthat the claim of the State of West Bengal that it has the competence to undertake a blanket withdrawal of all powers of investigation from the CBI is without substance.вЂќ.

Responding to the original suit filed by the West Bengal government alleging that the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) is investigating post-poll violence cases in the state without the Trinamool governmentвЂ™s consent, the Centre said the state government does not have вЂњa right of an omnibus powerвЂќ to вЂњwithdraw the consent already granted.вЂќ

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